'education' is the best means for the all-round development of a child, it is the stepping stone for the complete development of his personality. 'Education' brings out the inherent powers of the child and develops them fully. This is the knowledge that removes the evils in the diamond form of a child and makes his inner qualities shine, in the light of which the child builds his own personality and also benefits the society. Education refines the behavior of the child. This refinement is useful for both the child and the society.
Education has special importance in human life. Every person is born in this helpless world as a child with some animalistic tendencies. Through education, those animalistic tendencies are purified and transformed and he becomes a human being. Locke has rightly written - "Plants develop through agriculture and humans develop through education."
“Just as food is important for physical development, similarly education is important for social development.” Indian sages have also expressed their views in exactly the same way. Maharaja Bhartrihari has rightly written, “A man without education is like a human being.”
That is, "In the absence of education, man is like an animal." It is written in the scriptures – “Kim-Kim Na Sadhayati Kalpalatev Vidya”.
That is, "What is not achieved by knowledge like imagination?"
Ancient concept of education: In ancient times, "education" meant filling the child's mind with knowledge. The child had to memorize certain facts and principles and this was considered the end of his education. The purpose of education is to improve worldly life.
New meaning of education:
In the modern era, 'education' is not considered to mean preaching or giving information, nor is education given to the child only keeping in mind the imaginary distant future. Today the aim of education is to create the present of the child and to help in his growth and development at every stage of his life. Education is a state of social process, the objective of which is to enable the members of the society to remain in their class throughout life. Today education is not given the meaning of hard work, receiving education is considered a joyful process. The driver enjoys absorbing new things. It is essential to have this attitude of joy in attaining education.
The child is considered an active worker in the process of education. Earlier his position was as a passive listener. This education system was faulty. Today a student has to learn many things. The teacher is there as a helper and guide. The teacher's behavior is not harsh towards the children but is soft and sympathetic like a friend. The duty of the teacher is to present such problems to the children, in solving which the child remains active and enjoys. Education makes the child aware of new experiences and helps in establishing harmony with the environment. Education is dynamic by nature and enhances the knowledge of the child through learning activities.
The aim of modern education is the balanced development of the child's personality. The job of the school and the teacher is to provide such a favorable environment. The child's personality can develop freely and completely. As it develops, it learns to adapt to its environment.
birth of psychology
Psychology started its life as a part of philosophy during the time of Aristotle. From that time for hundreds of years it was discussed as a part of this scripture. But as Reybur has written-
"There has been a change in modern times. Psychologists have gradually separated their expertise from philosophy."
gradual change in the meaning of psychology
1. Science of the soul: According to Garette, the word 'Psychology' originates from two words of Greek language. 'Proche' (Psyche), which means 'Soul' (Soul) and 'Logos' (Logos), which means 'Study' (Study). Thus, in ancient times, 'Psychology' meant 'Study of the soul' i.e. study of the soul or gaining knowledge of the soul. Therefore, it was considered the 'science of the soul' at that time. This view has been supported by many Greek philosophers, among whom the names of Plato, Aristotle and Descartes are notable. But these and other philosophers could not answer what is the soul and what is its colour, form and shape? Therefore, this meaning of psychology prevalent in the 16th century has been rejected.
2. Science of Mind: The philosophers of the Middle Ages described psychology as the 'science of mind'. The main supporter of this opinion was the Italian philosopher Pomponazzi. No philosopher could determine the nature and form of the brain, as a result of which this view was also rejected.
3. Development of consciousness (Science of consciousness) – This belief is of the 19th century. Prominent among the supporters of this opinion are William Jarnes, Vives, William Wundt, James Sully, etc. These scholars described psychology as the 'science of consciousness'. There was serious disagreement among the scholars on this definition also and it was declared incomplete, because consciousness is also divided into three parts - (1) conscious, (2) non-conscious, and (3) non-conscious.
Definitions of Psychology
(Definitions of Psychology)
1. According to Watson “Psychology is the pure science of behavior.”
"Psychology is the positive science of behavior."
Watson
2. According to Skinner, “Psychology is the science of behavior and experience.”
"Psychology is the science of behavior and experience." -Skinner
3. Boring, Langfeld and Veld: "Psychology is the study of human nature."
"Psychology is the study of human nature."
-Boring, Langfeld & Weld.
4. Garrison et al: "Psychology is directly related to human behavior." "Psychology is concerned with observable human behavior."
-Garrison & others.
5. Mind: "Modern psychology is related to the scientific discovery of behavior." "Psychology today concerns itself with the scientific investigation of
behaviour."
munn
6. Crowe and Crowe: "Psychology is the study of human behavior and human relationships." "Psychology is the study of human behavior and human relationships."
-Crow & Crow
branches of psychology
(Branches of Psychology)
Psychology studies the behavior of living beings towards various parts of the environment. There are many branches of psychology depending on the different stages of the life environment, such as - Industrial Psychology - It studies the behavior of humans situated in the industrial environment. Educational psychology studies human behavior in educational situations.
The various branches of psychology are as follows-
(1) General psychology, (2) Abnormal psychology, (3) Youth psychology, (4) Child psychology, (5) Human psychology, (6) Animal psychology, (7) Individual psychology, (8) Social psychology , (9) Pure Psychology, (10) Educational Psychology, (11) Criminology Psychology, (12) Industrial Psychology.
Educational Psychology
Educational psychology is an applied branch of psychology. It is concerned with the application of psychology, principles and techniques in solving educational problems. Its main function is to help those people who are engaged in educational work so that they get a better understanding of the educational process. Education- Psychology mainly mentions and studies those behavioral changes that occur in children in the school environment. Thus, it helps the teacher a lot in doing his work. Educational psychology studies the behavior of the individual. Psychology has made many revolutionary changes in the field of education.
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